1. The AHDR Task Force was created in November 2001, ratified at the Senior Arctic Officials of the Arctic Council, in response to the requests from the meeting of the Sustainable Development Working Group (SDWG) and from the Standing Committee of Parliamentarians of the Arctic Region (SCPAR).

2. Gorm Winther, “Introduction to the Project and the First Volume of The Political Economy of Northern Regional Development (POENOR),” Nordic Council, The Political Economy of Northern Regional Development, Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen, 2010, pp.14-16.

3. Gérard Duhaime and Andrée Caron, “Economic and Social Conditions of Arctic Regions,” in: Glomsrød, Aslaksen(Ed.), The Economy of the North 2008, Oslo, 2009, p.11.

4. Han, Jong-Man, "83 Delegation of the Russian Federation: Focusing on 9 Delegation States," Russian Regional Information (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Russian Institute) No.1, 2010, p.27.On December 7, 2003, Taymyr Autonomous Okrug and Evenk Autonomous Okrug were incorporated to Krasnoyarsk Krai through local referenda. Koryak Autonomous Okrug was also merged with Kamchatka Oblast forming Kamchatka Krai through a referendum by local residents on October 23, 2005.

5. Указ Президента Российской Федерации «О сухопутных территориях Арктической зоны Российской Федерации» (В редакции указов Президента Российской Федерации от 27.06.2017 № 287, от 13.05.2019 № 220) (http://pravo.gov.ru./, Search date: April 15, 2020). Under this document, the Russian part of the Arctic incorporated the Murmansk and Arkhangelsk Regions; the Republic of Komi and Yakutia; the Krasnoyarsk Region; the Nenets, Chukotka, and Yamalo- Nenetsky Autonomous Okrug, the Belomorsk, Kemsky, and Loukhsky Districts of Karelia as well as “lands and islands located in the Arctic Ocean and certain uluses of Yakutia, which were declared USSR territory under a decree of the Presidium of the USSR Central Executive Committee dated 15 April 1926”. https://forumarctica.ru/en/news/putin-signs-decree-expanding-land-territories-of- russias-arctic-zone/ (Search date: April 16, 2020)

6. In this paper 4.1 para. 2 described as the number of indigenous residents is 400,000. This is based on the data released in 2010, and this count is different from the data released in 2012. This seems to result from the researchers' standards of aggregation.

7. Heidi Bruce, “Arctic Fourth World Nations in a Geopolitical Dance,” Fourth World Journal, Summer 2012, p.10. ‘The 'Fourth World Peoples' is a concept corresponding to the First World of the Western bloc of democratic-industrial states, the Second World of the Communist Party, and the Third World of non-aligned nations.

8. Bogoyavlenskiy D., and Siggner A., “Arctic Demography,” in: Emmerson, N., Larsen, J.N., Young, O.R. (Eds.), Arctic Human Development Report, Steffanson Arctic Institute, Akureyri, Iceland, 2004, p.14.

9. “A Legally Binding Arctic Scientific Cooperation Agreement”, IASC, https://iasc.info/ASA (Search date: June 5, 2020).